13th Amendment to the Constitution
By U.S. Congress
The constitutional amendment that permanently abolished slavery in the United States, declaring that 'neither slavery nor involuntary servitude' shall exist within the nation.
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July 9, 1868 · Constitutional Amendment
14th Amendment to the Constitution
The amendment that granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guaranteed equal protection under the law, becoming the foundation for civil rights litigation.
February 3, 1870 · Constitutional Amendment
15th Amendment to the Constitution
The amendment that prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude, though enforcement would take another century of struggle.
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